Regarding CP and e-stim, which muscles showed improvement?

• A. Gastroc and Tibialis Anterior
• B. Hamstrings and Quadriceps
• C. Gluteus Medius and Tensor Fasciae Lata
• D. Peroneus Longus and Soleus

Answer: (A)

In gait for cerebral palsy, improving ankle control during walking is a primary target for functional electrical stimulation. The tibialis anterior dorsiflexes the foot during the swing phase, helping to clear the toes and prevent foot drop. When TA is activated with e-stim at the right time, it improves foot clearance and smoothes the swing, which often shows up as a clearer, more efficient step. The gastrocnemius acts as a major plantarflexor during late stance and push-off; enhancing its activation and timing with stimulation supports propulsion and stabilizes the ankle as the body moves forward. Together, improving both ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion mechanics addresses the two key moments of the gait cycle, leading to noticeable gait improvements in CP.

Other muscle groups listed are involved in other aspects of movement, but they are not the primary ankle control components targeted in typical CP e-stim gait protocols, so the most consistent improvements are seen in the gastroc and tibialis anterior.