Which statement best describes the orthotic effect of functional electrical stimulation?

• A. Provide support
• B. Increase energy expenditure
• C. Improve cardiovascular fitness
• D. Promote muscle hypertrophy

Answer: (A)

The orthotic effect is the immediate mechanical support FES provides during a movement. When the stimulation is on, the targeted muscles contract at the right moments to assist the limb, enabling a functional action and stabilizing the movement—like lifting the foot during walking to prevent toe drag. That instant support is exactly what the statement describes.

The other ideas describe outcomes over time or broader energy costs, not the immediate assistive function. Increasing energy expenditure and improving cardiovascular fitness refer to metabolic effects of activity, while promoting muscle hypertrophy is a longer-term structural change from repeated use, not the immediate support delivered during the task.